Intangiriro:
Yewe, iki gishya gishobora gusenya burundu amategeko agenga umukino mu nganda nshya z'ingufu ku isi! Ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2025, ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga gikomeye cya Nature cyasohoye inkuru y'impinduka. Itsinda rya Peng Huisheng/Gao Yue wo muri Kaminuza ya Fudan mu Bushinwa ryavumbuye ikintu gishyaIkoranabuhanga rya "kuvugurura bateri ya lithium", birenga ku mahame gakondo y’imiterere ya bateri za lithium mu gihe kirenga imyaka 30, bishobora kongera igihe bateri imara inshuro zirenga 10! Bateri isanzwe ya phosphate ya lithium iracyafite ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha nyuma yo gushyushya no kuyisohora inshuro 11.818! Urabizi, bateri za lithium ziri ku isoko ubu zikoreshwa inshuro 1000-2000.
Ibi bivuze iki? Tesla yakundaga gusimbuza bateri yayo buri myaka 6-8, ariko ubu ishobora gutwara imyaka 60 idasaba kuyisimbuza! iPhone yawe ishobora gusharijwa no kubura umuriro inshuro 10.000 idatakaje umuriro!
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusana bateri rituruka ku buvuzi bw'abantu
Ubu buvumbuzi bw'igitangaza bwavutse bute?
Nk’uko tuvura indwara z’abantu, twibanda ku gusana ibibazo by’ingenzi bya bateri mu gihe turinda ibice byazo bizima,” nk’uko byasobanuwe na Gao Yue, umushakashatsi muri Kaminuza ya Fudan.
Mbere na mbere, impamvu nyamukuru yatumye bateri za lithium "zisaza" yari ukubura kwa iyoni za lithium. Nk'uko kubura intungamubiri runaka mu mubiri w'umuntu bishobora gutera indwara, bateri nazo zishobora kugabanuka mu mikorere bitewe n'imirire mibi. Igitekerezo cy'ikipe ni iki: Ese dushobora kongera kuzuza iyoni za lithium zatakaye muri bateri nk'uko umuntu aterwa urushinge?
Ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) bufasha mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu kuringaniza bateri
Ariko, kubona "injection" ikwiye si akazi koroshye. Iyi molekile igomba kuzuza icyarimwe ibisabwa hafi ya byose ku miterere ya fiziki n'iya chimique:
- Kugira imikorere ikwiye ya electrochemical n'urwego rw'amashanyarazi yo kubora.
- Uburyo bukwiye bwo gushonga muri electrolyte.
- Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana umwuka neza kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kugumana imiti.
- Ubushyuhe, alkalinite, n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bukwiye.
- Ibikoresho byo kubora bigomba kuba bidafite ingaruka mbi kandi bitagira ingaruka mbi.
- Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, kigomba kuba gihendutse kandi cyoroshye kongera umusaruro.
Ubwenge bw'ubukorano bwavumbuye ibikoresho by'ingenzi
Kubera ko nta kindi kintu cyakurikiyeho, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryifashishije ubwenge bw’ubukorano. Bahinduye imiterere ya molekile mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga kandi bakoresheje uburyo bwo kwiga imashini kugira ngo babone ibisubizo bivuye ku makuru menshi ya shimi y’ibinyabuzima, electrochimie n’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho.
Akazi katoroshye kabaye umusaruro! Nyuma y'imyaka 4 bakora cyane, amaherezo babonye igisubizo cyiza: CF3SO2Li (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate). Aka kanyamuryango kameze nk'agakoresho gato gatwara ibintu, gatwara electron za lithium ku mpera imwe kandi kakazisohora mu mutekano nk'umwuka ku yindi mpera nyuma yo kurangira gutwara ibintu.
Ibisubizo by'igerageza biratangaje!
Mu igerageza, bateri yakiriye ubu buryo bwo "gukora neza" yari ifite imikorere igera ku rwego rw'uruganda ndetse na nyuma y'amasaha 12000 kugeza kuri 60000 yo gushyushya no gusohora. Ibi ntibyongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri gusa, ahubwo binatanga igisubizo gishoboka cya tekiniki cyo gukemura ikibazo cy'imyanda myinshi ya bateri.
Igishimishije kurushaho ni uko iri koranabuhanga ryafunguye amahirwe mashya rwose:
Hashyizweho sisitemu ya bateri ya cathode idafite lithium ifite voltage ya 3.0V n'ubucucike bw'ingufu bugera kuri 1192 Wh/kg.
Yakoze bateri y'umufuka wa polyacrylonitrile cathode ifite sulfuri kandi ifite ubucucike bw'ingufu bwa 388 Wh / kg.
Ingaruka z'impinduramatwara
Iri terambere rizahindura burundu amategeko agenga umukino mu nganda nshya z'ingufu:
Bizagabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bigabanya cyane umwanda uterwa no gusiba bateri, kandi bifungure ibitekerezo bishya byo gushushanya bateri nshya; ikintu gishimishije cyane ni uko ikiguzi cy'iri koranabuhanga ari kinini cyane - byitezwe ko kizaba kiri munsi ya 10% by'ikiguzi cyose cya bateri, bivuze ko gifite ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi bunini!
Nkuko umushakashatsi Gao Yue yabivuze: Byaba ari ukugira ngo bateri ikomeze igihe kirekire cyangwa hirindwe ko yangirika cyane n’ibidukikije, ubu "buvuzi bunoze" butanga igisubizo gishoboka cya tekiniki. Ubu bushakashatsi ntibugaragaza gusa imbaraga z’ubuhanga mu Bushinwa mu bijyanye n’ingufu nshya, ahubwo bunagaragaza igihe gishya. Mu gihe cya vuba aha, "ihungabana rya bateri" rishobora kuba amateka. Reka dutegereze ubucuruzi bw’iri koranabuhanga rigezweho vuba bishoboka!
Gusaba Igiciro:
Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
Nancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2025