Intangiriro ：
Batteri ya Litiyumubyashimishije isi ndetse banahabwa igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel kubera ibikorwa byabo bifatika, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere rya batiri ndetse n'amateka y'abantu. None, kuki bateri ya lithium yitabirwa cyane kwisi ndetse ikanatwara igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel?
Urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa n'akamaro ka bateri ya lithium iri mu miterere yihariye n'ingaruka zo guhindura zagize ku ikoranabuhanga na sosiyete. Bitandukanye na bateri gakondo, zishingiye kumyitwarire yimiti irimo ibyuma biremereye nka gurş cyangwa kadmium, bateri ya lithium ikoresha ion ya lithium kugirango ibike kandi irekure ingufu. Igishushanyo gitanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo ingufu zingana cyane, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho, hamwe nubushobozi bwihuse bwo kwishyuza, bigatuma bahitamo neza kumurongo mugari wa porogaramu.
Impamvu ituma bateri ya lithium iba ikunzwe
Imwe mumpamvu yibanze yo kwitabwaho no gushimwa kuribaterini uruhare rwabo mugushoboza gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Kuza kwa terefone zigendanwa, tableti, nibindi bikoresho bigendanwa byahinduye itumanaho, imyidagaduro, n’umusaruro, kandi bateri ya lithium yagize uruhare runini mu gukoresha ibyo bikoresho. Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroheje kandi cyoroshye, hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga imbaraga zizewe kandi zirambye, byatumye biba ingenzi mugihe cya none.
Byongeye kandi, kuzamuka kwimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) byateje imbere kugaragara kwa bateri ya lithium. Mu gihe isi ishaka kuva mu bicanwa biva mu bicanwa no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, EV zagaragaye nk’icyizere cyiza cy’imodoka gakondo zitwika imbere. Hagati kugirango intsinzi ya EV ni bateri ya lithium ikora cyane ishobora kubika no gutanga ingufu nyinshi zikenewe mugutwara intera ndende. Iterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium-ion yabaye imbarutso yiterambere ryihuse ryisoko ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bikurura abashoramari, abafata ibyemezo, nabaturage.
Batteri zirambye
Usibye ibyo bakoresha mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki no gutwara abantu, bateri za lithium nazo zagize uruhare runini mu guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, nk'izuba n'umuyaga, mu mashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya lithium-ion yatumye ifata neza nogukoresha neza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa rimwe na rimwe, zifasha guhagarika urusobe no kugabanya gushingira ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ashingiye ku mashanyarazi. Uru ruhare mu nzibacyuho rugana ku bikorwa remezo by’ingufu birambye kandi bihamye byazamuye urwego rwabaterikurwego rwisi.
Kumenyekanisha bateri ya lithium hamwe nigihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri chimie muri 2019 byashimangiye ingaruka zikomeye zikoranabuhanga ku isi. Igihembo cyahawe John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, na Akira Yoshino kubera ibikorwa byabo by'ubupayiniya mu guteza imbere bateri ya lithium-ion, bashimira uruhare bagize mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu. Komite ya Nobel yagaragaje akamaro ka bateri ya lithium mu gukemura ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no koroshya ihinduka ry’ejo hazaza h’ingufu zirambye.
Kazoza ka bateri ya lithium
Urebye imbere, kwitabwaho no gushimwa byakiriwe nabateribirashoboka gukomeza nkuko abashakashatsi nabafatanyabikorwa mu nganda baharanira kurushaho kunoza imikorere, umutekano, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Imbaraga zikomeje zo kongera ingufu z’ingufu, kugabanya ibiciro, no kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bizaba ingenzi mu kwemeza akamaro n’ingaruka za bateri za lithium mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ryihuta cyane.
Mu gusoza, kwitabwaho no kumenyekana byatewe na bateri ya lithium bituruka ku ruhare runini bagize mu guha ingufu impinduramatwara, gutwara amashanyarazi mu bwikorezi, no gufasha guhuza ingufu zishobora kubaho. Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel cyahawe abambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium ni ikimenyetso cyerekana uruhare runini rw’udushya ku isi. Mu gihe sosiyete ikomeje gukoresha ingufu zisukuye n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, bateri za lithium ziteguye kuguma ku isonga mu kwita ku isi no guhanga udushya, bigena ejo hazaza h’ububiko bw’ingufu kandi burambye.
Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa ushaka kwiga byinshi, nyamuneka ntutindiganyeutugereho.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2024