Iriburiro:
Batteri ya Litiyumubyahindutse igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, guha imbaraga ibintu byose uhereye kuri terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa kugeza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kubaho. Amateka ya bateri ya lithium ni urugendo rushimishije rumaze imyaka mirongo, rwaranzwe niterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya. Kuva mu ntangiriro zoroheje kugeza aho zihagaze nkibisubizo byokubika ingufu, bateri ya lithium yahinduye uburyo dukoresha no kubika amashanyarazi.
Kurema bateri ya lithium
Inkuru yabateriguhera mu myaka ya za 70, igihe abashakashatsi batangiraga gushakisha bwa mbere ubushobozi bwa lithium nkibintu byingenzi muri bateri zishishwa. Muri icyo gihe, ni bwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye ibintu byihariye bya lithium, harimo n’ubucucike bw’ingufu nyinshi ndetse n’imiterere yoroheje, ku buryo ari byiza ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Ubu buvumbuzi bwashizeho urufatiro rwo guteza imbere bateri ya lithium-ion, izakomeza kwiganza ku isoko rya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi mu myaka iri imbere.
Mu 1979, umuhanga mu by'imiti muri kaminuza ya Oxford, John Goodenough n'itsinda rye bagize icyo bakora, maze batunganya bateri ya mbere ya lithium-ion. Uyu murimo w'ubupayiniya washyizeho urufatiro rwo gucuruza bateri za lithium-ion, zigenda zamamara vuba kubera imikorere yazo ndetse n'ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende ugereranije na aside-aside gakondo na bateri ya nikel-kadmium.
Mu myaka ya za 1980 na 1990, ubushakashatsi n’imbaraga nyinshi byibanze ku kuzamura imikorere n’umutekano bya bateri ya lithium. Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi ni ugushaka electrolyte ihamye ishobora kwihanganira ingufu za lithium nyinshi zitabangamiye umutekano. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya electrolyte zitandukanye hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri itezimbere cyane kwizerwa numutekano wa bateri ya lithium-ion.
Iterambere rya bateri ya lithium
Mu myaka ya za 1980 na 1990, ubushakashatsi n’imbaraga nyinshi byibanze ku kuzamura imikorere n’umutekano bya bateri ya lithium. Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi ni ugushaka electrolyte ihamye ishobora kwihanganira ingufu za lithium nyinshi zitabangamiye umutekano. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya electrolyte zitandukanye hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri itezimbere cyane kwizerwa numutekano wa bateri ya lithium-ion.
Mu ntangiriro ya 2000 hagaragaye impinduka za bateri ya lithium, hamwe niterambere rya nanotehnologiya nibikoresho bya siyansi byatumye iterambere rya fosifate ya lithium (LiFePO4) na bateri ya lithium polymer. Imiti mishya ya batiri itanga ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse hamwe n’umutekano wongerewe umutekano, bikarushaho kwagura ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium mu binyabiziga, mu kirere ndetse n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.
Kazoza ka bateri ya lithium
Ikwirakwizwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) hamwe no gukenera gukenera ingufu zo kubika ingufu byatumye iterambere ryimikorere myizabateri. Mu myaka yashize, iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri nka electrolytite ikomeye na silicon anode ryarushijeho kunoza ubwinshi bw’ingufu n’ubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri ya lithium, bituma biba amahitamo meza yo kubika ingufu nini nini no gukomera kwa gride.
Amateka ya bateri ya lithium yerekana guhora akurikirana udushya n'imbaraga zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga. Muri iki gihe, bateri ya lithium ni umusingi w’inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye, ituma abantu benshi bakoresha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi no guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Mu gihe isi ishaka kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bateri za lithium zizagira uruhare runini mu gushiraho ejo hazaza harambye kandi karuboni nkeya.
Umwanzuro
Kurangiza, amateka yiterambere yabaterini urugendo rudasanzwe rwo kuvumbura siyanse, guhanga udushya, no guhindura inganda. Kuva mu minsi yabo ya mbere nkamatsiko ya laboratoire kugeza aho igeze ubu nkibisubizo biboneka ahantu hose, bateri ya lithium igeze kure muguha imbaraga isi igezweho. Mugihe dukomeje gufungura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa bateri ya lithium, tuzatangiza ibihe bishya byo kubika ingufu zisukuye, zizewe kandi zirambye zizashiraho ejo hazaza h'umubumbe wacu.
Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa ushaka kwiga byinshi, nyamuneka ntutindiganyeutugereho.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-19-2024